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Understanding lateral flow testing
Lateral flow testing is a fast and simple way to test people who shouldn't have symptoms of COVID-19, however who might still be spreading the virus. In some circumstances lateral flow tests will also be used for other diagnostic tasks.
The tests are simple to make use of and provides a quick result. Those that test positive should immediately self-isolate to keep away from passing the virus on to others.
Why lateral flow tests are being offered
Around 1 in three folks with COVID-19 wouldn't have symptoms, so a test that quickly detects these otherwise hidden cases is a really helpful additional software for tackling the virus.
Lateral flow tests are practical, straightforward to interpret and can be utilized in a wide range of settings. This makes them very best for widespread use in the community.
Scientific evaluation by Public Health England (PHE) and Oxford University shows that the tests perform finest when levels of virus are high. Thousands of positive COVID-19 cases have already been detected using these tests.
Each positive case recognized can assist prevent many additional individuals changing into infected over time.
Lateral flow is a longtime technology, adapted to detect proteins (antigens) which are present when a person has COVID-19. One of the best-known instance of a lateral flow test is the house pregnancy test kit.
The test kit is a hand-held gadget with an absorbent pad at one finish and a reading window on the other. Inside the gadget is a strip of test paper that adjustments color within the presence of COVID-19 proteins (antigens).
Negative end result: one line subsequent to C shows the test is negative.
Void: no lines, or one line subsequent to T, means the test is void. You will need to re-take with a fresh test kit.
Positive end result: 2 lines, one subsequent to C and one subsequent to T, even faint lines, shows the test is positive. You or your test provider must report this test end result to the NHS.
Easy methods to take the test
Taking a lateral flow test often involves taking a pattern from the back of the throat close to the tonsils and the nose, or from the nostril only, utilizing a swab.
The swab is dipped into an extraction solution. This is then dripped on to the device's paper pad, producing the reaction that provides the result.
The tests give a quick consequence, because the pattern doesn't have to be despatched to a lab.
Effectiveness of lateral flow testing
Lateral flow tests will help to drive down the spread of COVID-19.
Rapid lateral flow tests give a quick result. They can find positive cases with high levels of virus which can be straightforward to transmit to others, helping to intercept and reduce additional infections.
Lateral flow tests used by the UK government undergo a rigorous analysis by the country’s leading scientists. This means they are accurate, reliable and successfully establish those with COVID-19 who don’t show signs and will spread the virus without realising.
Lateral flow tests usually are not being offered in isolation, however alongsideside a range of other measures to drive down cases and break chains of transmission.
Sensitivity of the tests
‘Sensitivity’ refers back to the proportion of people with COVID-19 which have a positive test.
When an individual has low levels of virus in their system, lateral flow tests are less sensitive than among the different tests we use, reminiscent of PCR tests which we primarily use for people with symptoms.
When levels of virus are high and persons are most likely to pass on the disease, lateral flow tests can detect the huge majority of cases.
PCR and lateral flow have different roles to play in controlling the virus, so it isn’t helpful to directly examine them in terms of how sensitive they are:
Lateral flow is helpful for locating out if a person is infectious now, and able to transmit the virus to others. The level of sensitivity is high sufficient to detect the vast majority of those cases. Lateral flow testing is less likely to return a positive outcome outside the infectious window.
PCR is useful for confirming a suspected case of COVID-19, the place the individual is already self-isolating and is showing symptoms. Higher sensitivity of PCR means it can identify genetic materials from COVID-19 even after the active infection has passed.
The totally different levels of sensitivity are therefore appropriate for the ways they're used.
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