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Understanding Time Zones
Often, our applications have to work in several international locations with specific rules, languages, currency, number formats, etc. I mean each country might need its own regional settings so each point wants a particular treatment.
The earth spins round itself at the rate of 1 rotation per 24 hours, it implies that every space on the earth has its midday at a distinct time based on the longitude of its location.
In 1884, the International Meridian Conference chose a meridian to be employed as a standard zero of longitude and customary of time reckoning all through the world. It resulted in the suggestion of the Greenwich Meridian as the prime meridian. In addition, it has established to have 24 completely different time zones because the earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, 15 degrees lengthyitude every hour. It means each time zone is 15 degrees lengthyitude aside from every other.
The next map may also help us to make clear those criteria:
The Greenwich Imply Time (GMT) is the primal meridian with zero degrees.
In East of Greenwich (Right), every 15 degrees is a time zone +1 hour.
In West of Greenwich (Left), each 15 degrees is a time zone -1 hour.
In idea, to deal with time zones wouldn't be difficult following previous criteria and it works properly for all cases. We'd always be able to calculate the local time in anywhere only based mostly on its location, but NOT. Time zones can change:
Countries and territories that cross these artificial lines (shown on the map) determined to draw these ones differently. e.g. China is the biggest country with only 1 time zone, but it should have 5 time zones.
Some nations set clocks forward by one hour within the spring and set clocks back by one hour in autumn (DST).
Time zones are set by Governments, however governments usually change their minds.
What's GMT?
The primal meridian/major time zone.
Greenwich Imply Time or GMT is the clock time on the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London.
GMT is now not a time standard.
What is UTC?
A Standard, Not a Time Zone.
Coordinated Universal Time or UTC is the primary time normal by which the world regulates clocks. It makes use of highly exact atomic clocks mixed with the Earth’s rotation.
This is the successor to GMT.
What is a Time Zone?
A time zone is a geographic area where the same commonplace time is used (real place on the surface of the Earth). It implies that it follows the identical native clock, and abides the same set of timekeeping rules.
A time zone is NOT an offset from GMT or UTC. The offset is solely one attribute of a timezone. Additionally, more than one offset would possibly apply, at completely different occasions of the year. e.g Summertime and Standard Time.
What's DST?
DST is the practice of advancing clocks during warmer months in order that darkness falls later each day in line with the clock. It means to set clocks forward by one hour within the spring and set clocks back by one hour in autumn in an effort to return to standard time. It was first applied for Germany during the first world war with the intention to save energy.
This observe continues to be used in North America and Western Europe, but Russia and most of Asia and Africa countries do not use DST.
e.g. MST and MDT
Mountain Standard Time = UTC -07:00
Mountain Daylight Time = UTC -06:00
or GMT and BST
Greenwich Imply Time = UTC +00:00
British Summer time Time = UTC +01:00
There are two transitions, in the spring when DST takes impact, there is an hour in native time that does not exist, and a day that is only 23 hours long (transition starts). Within the fall the opposite occurs a complete hour happens twice on the same day and that day is 25 hours long (transaction ends). It can be explained better with this schema.
Daylight saving time shows us that we cannot determine native time based only on location. We've got to know if daylight saving time was in impact or special cases that apply.
Time zones can change
Governments typically change their minds, this is the primary reason why time zones rules change. Time zones are set by Governments so it is expected surprises and oddities. It'd occur for different reasons akin to commerce, religious observations, political posturing, insurrection, etc.
It implies that the time zone is determined by law so it is able to modify DST Rules, transitions, offsets, and alignments.
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