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Top 5 Most Complicated Things About Sig Figs (Significant Figures)
Sig Figs, Sig Digs, Satan’s contribution to math and science — whatever you want to call them, they're some of the hated and commonly confused concepts in science and math. Ignore them at your own peril, since those half points off will add up and turn your A’s into B’s, or your B’s into C’s in case you’re not careful. The thing is, sig figs really are NOT THAT HARD to master, and in case you know these 5 concepts, then you definitely’ll have a leg up on everybody else who still can’t determine the ins and outs of sig figs.
1. How To Deal With Zeros
Sandwiched zeros are significant
300 has one sig fig, however 303 has three sig figs because the middle 0 becomes significant
If trailing zeros come after a decimal level, then they're significant
1.000 (four sig figs) is a more precise measurement than 1.0 (2 sig figs)
If trailing zeros come after a number without a decimal level, then they're NOT significant
5,000 has 1 sig fig, but 5,000. has 4 sig figs because of the decimal level
Leading zeros are NEVER significant
0.0003 has one sig fig, but 0.3003 has 4 sig figs for the reason that zero’s are sandwiched
2. How To Multiply and Divide With Sig Figs
Plug in every number precisely as it seems within the problem
Look on the number of sig figs in every number
Spherical your reply so it contains the least number of sig figs out of all the numbers being multiplied or divided
ex: 325.0 (four sig figs) / 2.0 (two sig figs) = 162.5, but the reply ought to only have two sig figs, so you’d round it to 160 ( sig figs; zero isn't a sig fig) as your reply
3. What About Multiplying With Unit Conversions?
The numbers you use for unit conversions don't count as sig figs
ex: if you want to convert 38.5 grams into kilograms, your answer would have 3 sig figs still, even in the event you use the conversion 1kg/1,000g
4. Adding and Subtracting With Sig Figs
Sig Figs DO NOT MATTER when adding and subtracting numbers
Instead, your reply should contain the least number of decimal places
ex: 4.32 + 5.1 should have one decimal level, so you find the exact answer (9.forty two) and round it to a solution with one decimal point (9.4)
5. How To Measure Volumes With Sig Figs
There will typically be a curve, or meniscus, within the top of a liquid — always measure the bottom of the meniscus
When you're measuring the volume of something in a beaker or graduated cylinder, look at every tick mark, then go one decimal level additional when recording your calculation
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